et al P-A-12) and at the 2017 Australasian HIV & AIDS and Sexual Health Conference in Canberra in Australia (22). The sexual transmission of HTLV-1 was also highlighted in several presentations at the 18 th International Retrovirology Conference in Tokyo in Japan in March 2017 (Satake, M. Recently published prevalence data from Central Australia (where in some communities 45% of adults live with HTLV-1)(18), Japan (19) and Brazil (20, 21) report the importance of HTLV-1’s sexual transmission. HTLV-1 is transmitted through the same routes as HIV-1 through infected body fluids, via condom-less sexual intercourse (1-4), breastfeeding (5-7), sharing of needles (8-11) and the transfusion (12, 13) and transplantation of infected blood and organ donations (14-17). However today we are encouraged by the WHO’s mandate to value a healthy sexual life and the availability of many WHO fact sheets on other blood borne and sexually transmitted viruses such as Hepatitis B and C and HIV. This is almost certainly due to having to address many other pressing health priorities. Our global community has been slow to respond to the HTLV-1 predicament, a virus transmitted through body fluids, causing significant morbidity and mortality. With this letter, we hope to raise your awareness about several current shortcomings and potential solutions in this field. We are writing to you today to ask you to support the promotion of proven effective transmission prevention strategies against one of the most potent human carcinogens, Human T Leukemia Virus subtype 1 (HTLV-1). On behalf of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) positive patients, expert clinicians and scientists working in the field of HTLV-1 clinical and laboratory research. ** Summary version of this letter published Lancet here. Watch a short video about disease vectors, and how communities can defend against them.Time to eradicate HTLV-1: an open letter to WHO Enhanced vector surveillance and human disease tracking are needed to address these concerns. Finer-scale, long-term studies are needed to help quantify the relationships among weather variables, vector range, and vector-borne pathogen occurrence the consequences of shifting distributions of vectors and pathogens and the impacts on human behavior. Infectious disease transmission is sensitive to local, small-scale differences in weather, human modification of the landscape, the diversity of animal hosts, and human behavior that affects vector-human contact, among other factors. will increase the chances of domestically acquiring diseases such as dengue fever is uncertain due to vector-control efforts and lifestyle factors, such as time spent indoors, that reduce human-insect contact. Vector-borne pathogens not currently found in the United States, such as chikungunya, Chagas disease, and Rift Valley fever viruses, are also threats.Ī changing climate’s impact on the geographical distribution and incidence of vector-borne diseases in other countries where these diseases are already found can also impact North Americans, especially as a result of increasing trade with, and travel to, tropical and subtropical areas. North Americans are currently at risk from numerous vector-borne diseases, including Lyme, dengue fever, West Nile virus disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, plague, and tularemia. Such shifts can alter disease incidence depending on vector-host interaction, host immunity, and pathogen evolution. Daily, seasonal, or year-to-year climate variability can sometimes result in vector/pathogen adaptation and shifts or expansions in their geographic ranges. The geographic and seasonal distribution of vector populations, and the diseases they can carry, depends not only on climate but also on land use, socioeconomic and cultural factors, pest control, access to health care, and human responses to disease risk, among other factors. Climate is one of the factors that influence the distribution of diseases borne by vectors (such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, which spread pathogens that cause illness).
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